This course explores China’s role in great power competition in the “planetary frontiers,” focusing on the deep oceans, outer space, and the polar regions. China understands these planetary frontiers as critical to global leadership and, as such, is intensifying its competition with other powerful states, foremost the United States, which sees sustaining its command of these arenas as vital to its national power. China is pursuing the technologies and production capabilities, as well as the influence over governing structures and norms to enable it to shape these domains in ways that best align with its interests. Each of the class’s 12 seminars interrogates these spaces through the lens of relevant academic theories and frameworks to assess the competitive balance within them and its implications for the direction of changes in the global balance of power, evolving definitions of sovereignty, and other facets of international relations, including the nature of international law and multilateral regulatory regimes, industry standards and practices, and global ethics and justice claims.